Linus Lindgren

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Anders Hovne

Toby Melville / AP

I am sick and tired of trickle-down economics. It has never worked.

We're building an economy from the bottom up and middle out.

Seafood From Norway

Trickle-down economics is a colloquial term for supply-side economic policies. In recent history, the term has been used by critics of supply-side economic policies. Whereas general supply-side theory favors lowering taxes overall, trickle-down theory more specifically advocates for a lower tax burden on the upper end of the economic spectrum.Major examples of Republicans supporting what critics call "trickle-down economics" include the Reagan tax cuts, the Bush tax cuts and the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017. In each of the aforementioned tax reforms, taxes were cut across all income brackets, but the biggest reductions were given to the highest income earners, although the Reagan Era tax reforms also introduced the earned income tax credit which has received bipartisan praise for poverty reduction and is largely why the bottom half of workers pay no federal income tax. Similarly, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 cut taxes across all income brackets, but especially favored the wealthy.The term "trickle-down" originated as a joke by humorist Will Rogers and today is often used to criticize economic policies that favor the wealthy or privileged while being framed as good for the average citizen. David Stockman, Ronald Reagan's former budget director, championed Reagan's tax cuts at first, but later became critical of them and told journalist William Greider that "supply-side economics" is the trickle-down idea:
It's kind of hard to sell 'trickle down,' so the supply-side formula was the only way to get a tax policy that was really 'trickle down.' Supply-side is 'trickle-down' theory.
Political opponents of the Reagan administration soon seized on this language in an effort to brand the administration as caring only about the wealthy. Some studies suggest a link between trickle-down economics and reduced growth, and some newspapers concluded that trickle-down economics does not promote jobs or growth, and that "policy makers shouldn't worry that raising taxes on the rich [...] will harm their economies".

Trickle-down economics

Martin Lindstam

Kirsty O'Connor / AP, Jon Super / AP

Hydraulic fracturing, also called fracking, hydrofracking, and hydrofracturing, is a well stimulation technique involving the fracturing of bedrock formations by a pressurized liquid. The process involves the high-pressure injection of "fracking fluid" (primarily water, containing sand or other proppants suspended with the aid of thickening agents) into a wellbore to create cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more freely. When the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well, small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open.Hydraulic fracturing began as an experiment in 1947, and the first commercially successful application followed in 1950. As of 2012, 2.5 million "frac jobs" had been performed worldwide on oil and gas wells, over one million of those within the U.S. Such treatment is generally necessary to achieve adequate flow rates in shale gas, tight gas, tight oil, and coal seam gas wells. Some hydraulic fractures can form naturally in certain veins or dikes. Drilling and hydraulic fracturing have made the United States a major crude oil exporter as of 2019, but leakage of methane, a powerful greenhouse gas, has dramatically increased.  Increased oil and gas production from the decade-long fracking boom has led to lower prices for consumers, with near-record lows of the share of household income going to energy expenditures.Hydraulic fracturing is highly controversial. Its proponents advocate the economic benefits of more extensively accessible hydrocarbons, as well as replacing coal with natural gas, which burns more cleanly and emits less carbon dioxide (CO2). Opponents of fracking argue that these are outweighed by the environmental impacts, which include groundwater and surface water contamination, noise and air pollution, and the triggering of earthquakes, along with the resulting hazards to public health and the environment. Research has found adverse health effects in populations living near hydraulic fracturing sites, including confirmation of chemical, physical, and psychosocial hazards such as pregnancy and birth outcomes, migraine headaches, chronic rhinosinusitis, severe fatigue, asthma exacerbations and psychological stress. Adherence to regulation and safety procedures are required to avoid further negative impacts.There is considerable uncertainty about the scale of methane leakage associated with hydraulic fracturing, and even some evidence that leakage may cancel out the greenhouse gas emissions benefits of natural gas relative to other fossil fuels. For example, a report by Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) highlights this issue, focusing on the leakage rate in Pennsylvania during extensive testing and analysis was found to be approximately 10%, or over five times the reported figures. This leakage rate is considered representative of the hydraulic fracturing industry in the US generally. EDF has recently announced a satellite mission to further locate and measure methane emissions.Increases in seismic activity following hydraulic fracturing along dormant or previously unknown faults are sometimes caused by the deep-injection disposal of hydraulic fracturing flowback (a byproduct of hydraulically fractured wells), and produced formation brine (a byproduct of both fractured and nonfractured oil and gas wells). For these reasons, hydraulic fracturing is under international scrutiny, restricted in some countries, and banned altogether in others. The European Union is drafting regulations that would permit the controlled application of hydraulic fracturing.

Hydraulic fracturing

Marcus Andersson

House of Commons / AP

Gårdsfisk

Mer-redaktionen

Shutterstock

Omni Ekonomi

Anna Thulin

Alastair Grant / AP

Kwasi Kwarteng (född Akwasi Addo Alfred Kwarteng, 26 maj 1975) är en brittisk politiker, som sedan 2021 tjänstgör som Minister och chef för Departementet för näringsliv, energi och industriell strategi. Han är medlem av Konservativa partiet och har varit parlamentsledamot sedan 2010. Kwarteng har tidigare varit biträdande minister för Brexit i Theresa Mays regering 2018–2019, innan Boris Johnson befordrade honom till minister för näringsliv, energi och hållbar tillväxt med säte i Kabinettet 2019–2021 och sedan departementschef från 2021.
Han har en bakgrund inom finanssektorn som analytiker, och har disputerat i ekonomisk historia. Han kandiderade till parlamentet för första gången 2005, men misslyckades att bli vald. I stället valdes han in till parlamentet 2010 när det Konservativa partiet tog makten, och återvaldes både 2015 och 2020. Under Folkomröstningen om EU-medlemskap i Storbritannien 2016 stod Kwarteng bakom utträdeslinjen. Som minister har han arbetat för minskade klimatutsläpp och förberett Storbritanniens klimatåtagande under Förenta nationernas klimatkonferens 2021 i Glasgow.
Kwarteng är den andra svarta ministern som utsetts som ledamot av Kronrådet (och den första från det Konservativa partiet). Han är också den första svarta person som utsetts till brittisk minister och departementschef (engelska: Secretary of State).

Kwasi Kwarteng

The Economist: Truss vill ha fri marknad i ”big state”-era (5 september)

Patrik Dahlin

Ryska invasionen

Patrik Jäverbo

Praktikertjänst

praktikertjänst

Isabelle Nordström

Frank Augstein / AP

Boris Johnson thanks Larry the Cat and Dylan the Dog during final goodbye at Downing Street: Saying his final goodbyes, Boris Johnson thanked Larry the Cat and Dylan the dog. He then went on to leave Downing Street.
#borisjohnson #larrythecat #dylanthedog #uknews #dailymail #news 

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Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office is the title of the official resident cat at 10 Downing Street, the residence and executive office of the prime minister of the United Kingdom in London. There has been a resident cat in the British government employed as a mouser and pet since the 1500s, although modern records date only to the 1920s. Despite other cats having served Downing Street, the first one to be given the official title of Chief Mouser by the British government was Larry in 2011. Other cats have been given this title affectionately, usually by the British press. 
In 2004, a study was conducted showing that voters' perceptions of the chief mouser were not completely above partisanship.

Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office

Larry is a domestic cat who has served as Chief Mouser to the Cabinet Office of the United Kingdom at 10 Downing Street since 2011. He is a brown-and-white tabby, believed to have been born in January 2007. By July 2016, when Theresa May became Prime Minister, he had developed a reputation of being "violent" in his interactions with other local mousers, especially the Foreign Office's much younger cat, Palmerston.



Larry (cat)

Truss' delivery outside Number 10 also highlighted what a different character as prime minister she will be from Bo… https://t.co/zGefUjQxAY

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