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On May 24, 2022, a mass shooting occurred at Robb Elementary School in Uvalde, Texas, United States, where nineteen students and two teachers were fatally shot, and seventeen others were wounded by 18-year-old Salvador Ramos. Earlier in the day, he shot his grandmother in the face at home, severely wounding her. Outside the school, he fired shots for approximately five minutes before entering unobstructed with an AR-15 style rifle through an unlocked side entrance door. He then shut himself inside two adjoining classrooms, without locking the classroom door, killed nineteen students and two teachers, and remained in the school for more than an hour before members of the United States Border Patrol Tactical Unit (BORTAC) fatally shot him. The shooting is the third-deadliest school shooting in the United States, after the Virginia Tech shooting in 2007 and the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in 2012, and the deadliest in Texas.Law enforcement officials in Uvalde have been heavily criticized for their response to the shooting, and their conduct is being reviewed in separate investigations by the Texas Ranger Division and the United States Department of Justice. After initially praising first responders to the shooting, Texas Governor Greg Abbott called for an investigation into the lack of action by incident commanders. A Texas House of Representatives Investigative Committee on July 17, 2022, wrote, "The Uvalde CISD's written active shooter plan directed its police chief to assume command and control of the response to an active shooter. The chief of police was one of the first responders on the scene. But as events unfolded, he failed to perform or to transfer to another person the role of incident commander." Police officers waited 74 minutes on-site before breaching the classroom to engage Ramos. Police also cordoned off the school grounds, resulting in violent conflicts between police and civilians, including parents, who were attempting to enter the school to rescue children. A report conducted by the Texas House of Representatives Investigative Committee on the Robb Elementary Shooting found, "At Robb Elementary, law enforcement responders failed to adhere to their active shooter training, and they failed to prioritize saving the lives of innocent victims over their own safety...there was an unacceptably long period of time before officers breached the classroom, neutralized the attacker, and began rescue efforts."Shortly after the shooting, local and state officials gave inaccurate reports of the timeline of events and exaggerated police actions. The Texas Department of Public Safety acknowledged that it was an error for law enforcement to delay an assault on Ramos' position in the student-filled classrooms, attributing this to the Uvalde Consolidated Independent School District (UCISD) police chief's assessment of the situation as one with a "barricaded subject" instead of an "active shooter". Law enforcement was also aware there were injured individuals in the school before they made their entrance.Following the shooting, which occurred ten days after the 2022 Buffalo shooting, wider discussions ensued about American gun culture and violence, gridlock in politics, and law enforcement's failure to halt or intervene during the attack. Some have advocated for a renewal of a federal ban on assault weapons, including President Joe Biden. Others criticized politicians for their perceived role in continuing to enable mass shootings. Republicans expressed concern about the politicization of mass shootings and responded by resisting implementation of gun control measures, instead calling for increased security measures in and around schools, such as arming teachers. Around a month after the shooting, Congress passed the Bipartisan Safer Communities Act and President Biden signed the bill into law; it was the most significant federal gun reform legislation in almost 30 years.