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The Houthi movement (; Arabic: الحوثيون al-Ḥūthīyūn [al.ħuː.θiː.juːn]), officially known as Ansar Allah (أنصار الله ʾAnṣār Allāh, lit. 'Supporters of God') is a Shia Islamist political and military organization that emerged from the Saada Governorate of Yemen in the 1990s. It is predominantly made up of Zaidi Shias, with the namesake leadership being drawn largely from the Houthi tribe.Under the leadership of Zaidi religious leader Hussein al-Houthi, the Houthis emerged as an opposition movement to Yemen's then-president Ali Abdullah Saleh. They accused him of corruption and criticized him for being backed by Saudi Arabia and the United States. Hussein accused Saleh of seeking to please the United States' interests at the expense of the Yemeni people and Yemen's sovereignty. In 2003, the Houthis' official slogan, following in the footsteps of Lebanese Shia political and military organization Hezbollah, became the group's trademark: "God is the Greatest, Death to America, Death to Israel, Cursed be the Jews, Victory to Islam." Resisting Saleh's order for his arrest, Hussein was killed by the Yemeni army in Saada in 2004, along with a number of his personal guards; his death sparked the Houthi insurgency. Since then, except for a short intervening period, the movement has been led by his brother Abdul-Malik al-Houthi.The Houthi movement attracts followers in Yemen by portraying themselves as fighting for economic development, the end of political marginalization of Zaidi Shias, and promoting regional political-religious issues in its media. The Houthis have a complex relationship with Yemen's Sunnis; the movement has discriminated against Sunnis, but also recruited and allied with them. The Houthis took part in the Yemeni Revolution in 2011 by participating in street protests and by coordinating with other opposition groups. They joined Yemen's National Dialogue Conference as part of the initiative undertaken by the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) to broker peace following the unrest. However, the Houthis would later reject the November 2011 GCC deal's provisions stipulating the formation of six federal regions in Yemen, claiming that the deal did not fundamentally reform governance and that the proposed federalization "divided Yemen into poor and wealthy regions." The Houthis also feared the deal was a blatant attempt to weaken them by dividing areas under their control between separate regions. In late 2014, Houthis repaired their relationship with Saleh, and with his help, they took control of the capital city and much of northern Yemen and announced the fall of the country's existing government, which was led by Yemeni president Abdrabbuh Mansur Hadi.Since 2015, the Houthis have been fighting the Saudi intervention in Yemen, which seeks to establish full territorial control by the internationally recognized government within Yemen. Additionally, the Islamic State has attacked all of the major parties to the conflict, including individual Houthis; Saleh's forces; the Yemeni government; and the Saudi-led military coalition. The Houthis aim to govern all of Yemen and support external movements against the United States, Israel, and Saudi Arabia. They have launched repeated missile and drone attacks against a number of Saudi cities. The fighting in Yemen is widely seen as part of the Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy war. Following the outbreak of the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, the Houthis began to fire missiles at Israeli cities; the attacks marked the first instance of space warfare in human history, as Israel began to actively intercept the Houthis' ballistic missiles in outer space. The Houthis have stated that their intent is to continue attacking Israel until it is destroyed.