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Warren Kizza Besigye Kifefe (born 22 April 1956), commonly known as Kizza Besigye, is a Ugandan physician, politician and former military officer, in the Uganda People's Defence Force. He served as the Party President of the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) political party and was an unsuccessful contestant in Uganda's 2001, 2006, and 2011 presidential elections, losing all of them to the incumbent Yoweri Museveni, who has been President of Uganda since 26 January 1986. Results of 2006 elections were contested in court, where court observed massive rigging and disenfranchisement. He allowed an early internal FDC election which took place on 24 November 2012 for a successor Party President (PP). He decided that the successor PP should preferably be in place earlier than planned, to allow the new PP enough time to prepare the party for the next cycle of general elections.

Yoweri Kaguta Museveni ( pronunciation ; born 15 September c. 1944) is a Ugandan politician who has been President of Uganda since 29 January 1986. Museveni was involved in rebellions that toppled Ugandan leaders Idi Amin (1971–79) and Milton Obote (1980–85). With the notable exception of the north, President Museveni has brought relative stability and economic growth to a country that has endured decades of rebel activity and civil war. His tenure has also witnessed one of the most effective national responses to HIV/AIDS in Africa. In the mid to late 1990s, Museveni was fêted by the West as part of a new generation of African leaders. His presidency has been marred, however, by involvement in civil war in the Democratic Republic of Congo and other Great Lakes region conflicts. Rebellion in the north by the Lord's Resistance Army had perpetuated a drastic humanitarian emergency. Restrictions on political pluralism and a 2005 referendum and constitution change scrapping limits on presidential terms, enabling extension of his rule, have attracted recent concern from domestic commentators and the international community.

General elections will be held in Uganda on 18 February 2016 to elect the President, Parliament and local government. Polling day was declared a national holiday. The third elections since the introduction of multi-party politics in 2005, they will see a fourth presidential contest between long-term incumbent Yoweri Museveni and Kizza Besigye. It is considered unlikely that Museveni will lose.