USA: Religionsförtryck kan möjliggöra Kina-sanktioner

Uigurer (tidigare östturkar; uiguriska: ئۇيغۇر, Uyƣur) är ett turkfolk på omkring 10–18 miljoner,[källa behövs] men Kinas officiella uppdatering är 8–10 miljoner, främst talande uiguriska och till största delen bosatta i Xinjiang (östturkestan eller Uigurien) i västra nuvarande Kina, särskilt förr kallat Östturkestan, vilket numera är ett kontroversiellt namn. Det är en av Kinas 56 officiellt erkända etniska grupper. Det finns även uiguriska samhällen i Kazakstan, Kirgizistan, Mongoliet, Uzbekistan, Turkiet, samt en mindre grupp i Hunanprovinsen i södra Kina. Uigurer skrev förr med orchonskrift, ett runskriftliknande alfabet. De flesta uigurer är sunnimuslimer.

Freedom of religion in China is provided for in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, with an important caveat: the government protects what it calls "normal religious activity," defined in practice as activities that take place within government-sanctioned religious organizations and registered places of worship. Although the dynastic governments of imperial China also claimed responsibility for the practice of religion, human rights bodies such as United States Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) have criticized this differentiation as falling short of international standards for the protection of religious freedom. China's five officially sanctioned religious organizations are the Buddhist Association of China, Chinese Taoist Association, Islamic Association of China, Three-Self Patriotic Movement and Chinese Patriotic Catholic Association. These groups are afforded a degree of protection, but are subject to restrictions and controls under the State Administration for Religious Affairs. Unregistered religious groups—including house churches, Falun Gong, Tibetan Buddhists, underground Catholics, and Uyghur Muslims—face varying degrees of harassment, including imprisonment, torture, and forced religious conversion. Tam and Hasmath argue that the Chinese government views religion as potentially destabilizing.