Fransk minister: Inte nödvändigt att Assad avgår

Syriska inbördeskriget är en pågående väpnad konflikt mellan syriska regeringstrupper, ledda av president Bashar al-Assad, och stridande från olika oppositionella grupperingar. Konflikten inleddes under den arabiska våren med de första lokala missnöjesyttringarna i januari 2011, vilka i mitten av mars växte till organiserade landsomfattande protester. Protesterna gällde till en början krav på demokratisering, stopp på den utbredda korruptionen, respekt för de mänskliga rättigheterna och ett slut på Assadregimens 40-åriga envälde, och möttes med omfattande våld av polis, säkerhetsstyrkor och militär. Under konfliktens gång växte inblandningen från utländska intressegrupper och Syrien såg ett inflöde av pengar och vapen från utlandet. Strider pågår på flera fronter mellan regimstyrkor och en lång rad olika organiserade rebellgrupper (med ett inte obetydligt inslag av utländska stridande), som i sin tur också strider mot varandra. Det ursprungliga motivet till proteströrelsen – demokratisering av Syrien – spelar numera en mindre roll, religiösa och etniska orsaker har istället trätt fram. I november 2013 uppskattade FN att minst 120 000 människor hade dödats under konflikten. Tre miljoner beräknades ha flytt till grannländer och sex och en halv miljon var på flykt inom landet 2015. Hälften av alla syrier var i behov av hjälp utifrån för att överleva. ^ ”Syriacs establish military council in Syria”. Hürriyet Daily News. 2 februari 2013. http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/syriacs-establish-military-council-in-syria.aspx?pageID=238&nid=40329. Läst 21 januari 2014. ^ ”Bürgerkrieg : Die Christen in Syrien ziehen in die Schlacht - Nachrichten Politik - Ausland - DIE WELT”. Welt.de. 23 oktober 2013. http://www.welt.de/politik/ausland/article121122500/Die-Christen-in-Syrien-ziehen-in-die-Schlacht.html. Läst 10 december 2013. ^ Saeed Kamali Dehghan (28 maj 2012). ”Syrian army being aided by Iranian forces”. The Guardian. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/may/28/syria-army-iran-forces. ^ Daftari, Lisa (28 augusti 2012). ”Iranian general admits 'fighting every aspect of a war' in defending Syria's Assad”. Fox News. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/08/28/iranian-general-admits-fighting-every-aspect-war-in-defending-syria-assad/. ^ Filkins, Dexter. ”Qassem Suleimani, the Middle East’s Most Powerful Operative”. The New Yorker. http://www.newyorker.com/reporting/2013/09/30/130930fa_fact_filkins. Läst 2014-01-06. ^ Iran boosts support to Syria, Telegraph, 21 Feb 2014 ^ ”Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines”. The Guardian. 4 juni 2013. http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/04/syria-islamic-sunni-shia-shrines-volunteers. ^ ”Lebanon dragged in as Hezbollah joins Syria war”. Reuters. 26 april 2013. http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/26/us-syria-crisis-hezbollah-idUSBRE93P09720130426. ^ ”Syria rebels clash with army, Palestinian fighters”. 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Huffington Post/AP. Arkiverad från originalet den 2012-12-08. http://www.webcitation.org/6ClMtkEue. Läst 2012-12-08. ^ [a b c d] ”Leading Syrian rebel groups form new Islamic Front”. BBC. 22 november 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-25053525. Läst 22 januari 2014. ^ Top Syrian rebel commander dies from wounds (Reuters), 18 november 2013 ^ ”Al-Nusra leader injured by regime bombardment”. Facebook.com. http://www.facebook.com/syriaohr/posts/367316493376695. Läst 2013-05-16. ^ ”FSA alliance pushes back against Islamic Front”. The Daily Star. 17 december 2013. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Dec-17/241361-fsa-alliance-pushes-back-against-islamic-front.ashx. Läst 19 december 2013. ^ ”U.S. Condemns Terrorist Attacks in Iraq and Pledges to Help Combat al Qaeda”. United States Department of State. 10 augusti 2013. http://www.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2013/08/213032.htm. ^ ”Syria military strength detail”. Global Fire Power. 27 mars 2014. http://globalfirepower.com/country-military-strength-detail.asp?country_id=Syria. ^ ”As Syria war enters fourth year, regime eyes victory”. Times. 11 mars 2014. http://www.timeslive.co.za/world/2014/03/11/as-syria-war-enters-fourth-year-regime-eyes-victory. ^ ”Syria’s diminished security forces”. AFP. 28 augusti 2013. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Aug-28/228953-syrias-diminished-security-forces.ashx#axzz31ko8ddGF. Läst 14 maj 2014. ^ Pro-regime militias may outlast Assad, threaten future state: report ^ ”«كتائب البعث» إلى شوارع دمشق”. Al Akhbar. 14 januari 2014. http://www.al-akhbar.com/node/197848. ^ Aron Lund (13 januari 2014). ”The Baath Battalions Move Into Damascus”. Carnegie Endowment. http://carnegieendowment.org/syriaincrisis/?fa=54167. ^ Syrian war widens Sunni-Shia schism as foreign jihadis join fight for shrines retrieved 5 juni 2013 ^ [a b c] From Qusair to Yabrud: Shiite foreign fighters in Syria ^ Cockburn, Patrick (11 december 2013). ”West suspends aid for Islamist rebels in Syria, underlining their disillusionment with those forces opposed to President Bashar al-Assad”. The Independent. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/west-suspends-aid-for-islamist-rebels-in-syria-underlining-their-disillusionment-with-those-forces-opposed-to-president-bashar-alassad-8998891.html. ^ Front to Back ^ [a b c] ”Syria crisis: Guide to armed and political opposition”. BBC. 13 december 2013. http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-24403003. ^ [a b c] ”Factbox: Syria's rebel groups”. Reuters. 9 januari 2014. http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/09/us-syria-crisis-rebels-factbox-idUSBREA080SW20140109. Läst 9 januari 2014. ^ ”Al Qaida rebels leave mass grave behind as they desert base in Syria”. McClatchy. 6 januari 2014. http://www.mcclatchydc.com/2014/01/06/213669/al-qaida-rebels-leave-mass-grave.html. Läst 8 januari 2014. ^ ”Kurdish militia has 35,000 fighters: spokesman”. The Daily Star. 27 december 2013. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2013/Dec-27/242372-kurdish-militia-has-35000-fighters-spokesman.ashx#axzz2oNa3sbT8. ^ Mutlu Civiroglu (11 augusti 2013). ”Kurdish Commander: Jihadi Groups in Syria Have Hijacked FSA”. Rudaw. http://rudaw.net/english/middleeast/syria/11082013. ^ Syria conflict pits Shia against Sunni as Hezbollah says this is 'war we must win' ^ [a b c d e f g h i j] ”More than 162 thousand were killed and were killed and been killed since the start of the revolution”. http://www.syriahr.com/index.php?option=com_news&nid=19216&Itemid=2&task=displaynews#.U3nByfmSyyE. Läst 17 maj 2014. ^ ”David Cameron Offers 'Safe Passage' For Syria's Bashar Al-Assad, But Not To Britain (PICTURES)”. Huffington Post. 6 november 2012. http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/2012/11/06/syria-cameron-safe-passage-assad_n_2081341.html. ^ Drastic rise in Hezbollah death toll as party battles for Yabroud ^ Med SOHR som redan anger att antalet dödsfall bland regeringen och oppositionen är jämnt fördelade [1] och att de regeringsvänliga dödsfallen är sammanlagt 62.832 [2] kan även ett högre antal döda rebeller uppskattas till 62.832. Detta skulle vara i linje med SOHRs bedömning att antalet döda soldater är dubbelt så mycket som det dokumenterade antalet.[3] ^ ”Syria: Opposition, almost 11,500 civilians killed”. Ansamed.ansa.it. 2010-01-03. http://ansamed.ansa.it/ansamed/en/news/sections/politics/2012/03/19/visualizza_new.html_134589467.html. Läst 2013-08-27. ^ [a b] ”Violations Documenting Center”. Violations Documenting Center. 18 maj 2014. http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/home. Läst 18 maj 2014. ^ 25 döda (19 november 2013),[4] 15 döda (31 oktober),[5] 379 döda (2013),[6] 39 döda(1-7 januari 2014),[7] totalt antal rapporterade döda: 458 ^ ”Violations Documenting Center - other statistics”. Violations Documenting Center. 18 maj 2014. http://www.vdc-sy.org/index.php/en/otherstatistics. Läst 18 maj 2014. ^ ”Iraqi Soldier Killed by Fire from Syria”. Naharnet.com. 3 mars 2013. http://www.naharnet.com/stories/en/74130-iraqi-soldier-killed-by-fire-from-syria. ^ Zeina Karam (17 september 2012). ”Syrian jets bomb northern city overrun by rebels”. Washington Examiner. Associated Press. http://washingtonexaminer.com/syrian-jets-bomb-northern-city-overrun-by-rebels/article/2523370. ^ ”Syria rebels fire on Iraq border posts, one killed”. Channelnewsasia.com. 2013-06-09. http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/syria-rebels-fire-on-iraq/703066.html. Läst 2013-08-30. ^ ”Iraqi border guard killed in Syria violence spillover”. Presstv.ir. 2013-07-13. http://www.presstv.ir/detail/2013/07/13/313673/syria-militants-kill-iraqi-border-guard/. Läst 2013-08-30. ^ ”Arsal ambush kills two Lebanese soldiers hunting wanted fugitive”. Daily Star. http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Politics/2013/Feb-02/204737-arsal-ambush-kills-two-lebanese-soldiers-hunting-w.ashx. Läst 8 mars 2013. ^ Violence in Lebanese Border Towns Adds to Fears of Syrian Encroachment ^ ”Assad regrets downing of Turkish jet, says won't allow open combat with Ankara”. English.alarabiya.net. 2012-07-03. http://english.alarabiya.net/articles/2012/07/03/224145.html. ^ ”Turkish police killed in clashes on Syrian border”. Worldbulletin.net. 2013-05-02. http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=107960. ^ http://www.dailysabah.com/nation/2014/03/25/isil-connection-in-attack-against-turkish-security-forces ^ ”Syria's civil war spills violence across borders into Jordan, Lebanon”. Associated Press. 22 oktober 2012. http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/10/22/jordanian-soldier-killed-in-clash-with-militants-trying-to-slip-into-syria/. Läst 23 oktober 2012. ^ "Syrian Refugees in Lebanon," The New York Times, 5 september 2013: UN says: 6.5 million displaced, of whom 2 million fled out of the country ^ ”Syria: A full-scale displacement and humanitarian crisis with no solutions in sight”. http://www.internal-displacement.org/countries/syria. , iDMC, Sep 2013: 5.1 million internally displaced ("forced to flee their homes because their lives were at danger, but did not cross international borders") ^ ”Dispatch: Syria's Internally Displaced Depend on Handouts”. http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2013/02/syrian-internally-displaced.html. , UN, Feb 2013: 2.5 million internally displaced ^ Source AAP UPDATED 8:44 AM - 29 Nov 2013 (2013-11-29). ”Syrian refugees top three million mark: UN | SBS News”. Sbs.com.au. http://www.sbs.com.au/news/article/2013/11/29/syrian-refugees-top-three-million-mark-un. Läst 2014-01-03. ^ ”Syria's Meltdown Requires a U.S.-Led Response”. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 22 mars 2013. http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/syrias-meltdown-requires-a-u.s.-led-response. ^ ”Syrien idag”. Sveriges utrikesdepartement. http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/2688/a/61427. Läst 1 september 2013. ^ Per Jönsson (1 oktober 2012). ”Syriens episka drama”. Sveriges utrikesdepartement. http://www.ui.se/blog/uibloggen/2012/10/1/syriens-episka-drama.aspx. Läst 1 september 2013. ^ Simon Adams (15 november 2012). ”The world's next genocide”. New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/16/opinion/the-worlds-next-genocide.html. Läst 10 september 2013. ^ Utrikespolitiska institutet/ landguiden