Linus Lindgren

Patrick Semansky / AP

Kärnavtalet med Iran

بایدن: برجام مُرده.

در ویدئویی که به دستم رسیده، بایدن صریحاً می‌گوید به #برجام بازنمی‌گردد، ولی دولت آمریکا فعلاً… https://t.co/HknLM7P2nK

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک, romanized: barnāmeye jāme'e eqdāme moshtarak (برجام, BARJAM)), commonly known as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany) together with the European Union.
Formal negotiations toward JCPOA began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations for the next 20 months and, in April 2015, agreed on an "Iran nuclear deal framework" for the final agreement. In July 2015, Iran and the P5+1 confirmed agreement on the plan, along with the "Roadmap Agreement" between Iran and the IAEA.After the Trump administration twice certified Iran's compliance in 2017, in May 2018 the United States withdrew from JCPOA as Trump pledged he would negotiate a better deal. Trump left office without fulfilling that pledge and analysts determined Iran had moved closer to developing a nuclear weapon since the American withdrawal.

Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action

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Matilda Glaser

Shutterstock/Omni

Omni

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The Iranian Space Agency (ISA, Persian: سازمان فضایی ایران Sāzmān-e Fazāi-ye Irān) is Iran's governmental space agency.
Iran became an orbital-launch-capable nation in 2009. Iran is one of the 24 founding members of the United Nations Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer Space (COPUOS), which was set up on 13 December 1958.

Iranian Space Agency

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Jakob Palmgren

Shutterstock

The Iran nuclear deal framework was a preliminary framework agreement reached in 2015 between the Islamic Republic of Iran and a group of world powers: the P5+1 (the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, and China—plus Germany) and the European Union.
Based on the April 2015 Iran nuclear deal framework, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action between Iran and the P5+1 and EU was announced on July 14, 2015 in Vienna.

Iran nuclear deal framework

Ella Käck

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Max Wahlund

Vahid Salemi / AP

Irans kärnkraftsprogram började tidigt, redan på 1950-talet under den dåvarande shahen med hjälp av USA som en del av programmet Atomer för fred. 1967 stod det första forskningscentret för kärnkraft färdigt i Teheran (Tehran Nuclear Research Center) med en 5 MW forskningsreaktor för höganrikat uran. 1968 signerade Iran Ickespridningsavtalet och öppnade därmed för kontroll från Internationella atomenergiorganet (IAEA), och 1973 inrättades Irans atomenergiorganisation för att reglera och utveckla landets kärnteknikindustri, som kom att omfatta alla moment inom uranhanteringen. Amerikanska och västeuropeiska regeringars deltagande i Irans nukleära program fortsatte till revolutionen 1979, som störtade shahen av Iran.Kontroversen om Irans nukleära program rör sig i synnerhet kring Irans underlåtenhet att deklarera känslig anriknings- och upparbetningsteknik till Internationella atomenergiorganet (IAEA). Anrikning kan användas för att producera uran antingen för reaktorbränsle eller, till högre anrikningsnivå, för kärnvapen. Iran säger att deras kärnenergiprogram är fredligt, och har anrikat uran till mindre än 5 % , vilket rimmar med bränsle för ett civilt kärnkraftverk.  Iran hävdar också att man var tvungen att ta till sekretess sedan amerikanska påtryckningar fått flera av deras nukleära avtal med utländska regeringar att falla igenom. Efter att IAEA:s styrelse rapporterat Irans brott mot sitt avtal om säkerhetskontroll till FN:s säkerhetsråd, krävde rådet att Iran avbryter sin nukleära anrikningsverksamhet. Irans tidigare president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad har dock hävdat att sanktionerna är "olagliga" och införda av "arroganta makter", och att Iran har beslutat att fullfölja kontrollen av sin egen beskrivna fredliga kärnkraftsprogram genom "dess lämpliga rättsliga väg", det internationella atomenergiorganet. Agerandet och utsikterna har framkallat en omfattande internationell aktivitet.

Irans kärnkraftsprogram

Joel Malmén

The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA; Persian: برنامه جامع اقدام مشترک, romanized: barnāmeye jāme'e eqdāme moshtarak (برجام, BARJAM)), known commonly as the Iran nuclear deal or Iran deal, is an agreement on the Iranian nuclear program reached in Vienna on 14 July 2015, between Iran and the P5+1 (the five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—China, France, Russia, United Kingdom, United States—plus Germany) together with the European Union.
Formal negotiations toward JCPOA began with the adoption of the Joint Plan of Action, an interim agreement signed between Iran and the P5+1 countries in November 2013. Iran and the P5+1 countries engaged in negotiations for the next 20 months and, in April 2015, agreed on a framework for the final agreement. In July 2015, Iran and the P5+1 confirmed agreement on the plan, along with the "Roadmap Agreement" between Iran and the IAEA.After the Trump administration twice certified Iran's compliance in 2017, in May 2018 the United States withdrew from JCPOA as Trump pledged he would negotiate a better deal. Trump left office without fulfilling that pledge and analysts determined Iran had moved closer to developing a nuclear weapon since the American withdrawal.

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Linnea Järkstig

Mehdi Marizad / AP

Kinga Sandén

AP och Darko Bandic

The Iran nuclear deal framework was a preliminary framework agreement reached in 2015 between the Islamic Republic of Iran and a group of world powers: the P5+1 (the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council—the United States, the United Kingdom, Russia, France, and China—plus Germany) and the European Union.
Based on the April 2015 Iran nuclear deal framework, the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action between Iran and the P5+1 and EU was announced on July 14, 2015 in Vienna.



Kärnavtalet med Iran

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