Klart: EU och Iran kringskär USA med nytt betalsystem

A special-purpose entity (SPE; or, in Europe and India, special-purpose vehicle/SPV, or, in some cases in each EU jurisdiction – FVC, financial vehicle corporation) is a legal entity (usually a limited company of some type or, sometimes, a limited partnership) created to fulfill narrow, specific or temporary objectives. SPEs are typically used by companies to isolate the firm from financial risk. A formal definition is "The Special Purpose Entity is a fenced organization having limited predefined purposes and a legal personality".Normally a company will transfer assets to the SPE for management or use the SPE to finance a large project thereby achieving a narrow set of goals without putting the entire firm at risk. SPEs are also commonly used in complex financings to separate different layers of equity infusion. Commonly created and registered in tax havens, SPEs allow tax avoidance strategies unavailable in the home district. Round-tripping is one such strategy. In addition, they are commonly used to own a single asset and associated permits and contract rights (such as an apartment building or a power plant), to allow for easier transfer of that asset. They are an integral part of public private partnerships common throughout Europe which rely on a project finance type structure.A special-purpose entity may be owned by one or more other entities and certain jurisdictions may require ownership by certain parties in specific percentages. Often it is important that the SPE is not owned by the entity on whose behalf the SPE is being set up (the sponsor). For example, in the context of a loan securitization, if the SPE securitisation vehicle were owned or controlled by the bank whose loans were to be secured, the SPE would be consolidated with the rest of the bank's group for regulatory, accounting, and bankruptcy purposes, which would defeat the point of the securitisation. Therefore, many SPEs are set up as 'orphan' companies with their shares settled on charitable trust and with professional directors provided by an administration company to ensure that there is no connection with the sponsor.

Federica Mogherini, född 16 juni 1973 i Rom, är en italiensk politiker. Hon är sedan 1 november 2014 EU:s höga representant för utrikes frågor och säkerhetspolitik och vice ordförande i Europeiska kommissionen (kommissionen Juncker). Mogherini är statsvetare från La Sapienza i Rom. Hon anslöt sig 1996 till vänsterdemokraterna (DS) som 2007 uppgick i demokratiska partiet (PD). Hon är ledamot av deputeradekammaren sedan 2008. Hon var Italiens utrikesminister från 22 februari 2014 till 31 oktober 2014. Den 30 augusti 2014 nominerades Federica Mogherini till EU:s nästa höga representant för utrikes frågor och säkerhetspolitik.