Martin Lindstam

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Utvecklingen på Kuba

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Presidentvalet i Brasilien 2022

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Kuba, officiellt Republiken Kuba (spanska: República de Cuba), är en östat i Karibien. Staten Kuba består av huvudön Kuba, Isla de la Juventud och flera arkipelager. Havanna är huvudstad i Kuba och dess största stad. Den näst största staden är Santiago de Cuba. Norr om Kuba ligger USA (150 km bort), Bahamas och Turks- och Caicosöarna ligger i nordost, Mexiko ligger i väst (210 km bort), Caymanöarna och Jamaica ligger i syd, samt Haiti och Dominikanska republiken i sydost.
Ön Kuba beboddes av många mesoamerikanska stammar före landstigningen av upptäcktsresanden Christofer Columbus år 1492, som gjorde anspråk på det för Kungariket Spanien. Kuba förblev en spansk koloni till det spansk-amerikanska kriget 1898, varefter den kort administrerades av USA fram till man fick nominell självständighet 1902. Den bräckliga republiken uthärdade en allt mer radikal politik och sociala konflikter, och trots insatser för att stärka sitt demokratiska system, hamnade Kuba i en diktatur under presidenten Fulgencio Batista 1952. Växande oro och instabilitet ledde till Batistas avhysning i januari 1959 av 26 juli-rörelsen, som sedan etablerade en socialistisk regering under ledning av Fidel Castro. Sedan 1965 har landet styrts som en enpartistat av kommunistpartiet, och 1976 års författning utformades efter sovjetisk förebild.Kuba är den största ön i Karibien, och med över 11 miljoner invånare, är den den näst folkrikaste efter Hispaniola, om än med en mycket lägre befolkningstäthet än de flesta länder i regionen. Kuba är ett multietniskt land. Dess folk, kultur och seder kommer från olika ursprung, däribland Taíno- och Ciboney-folken, den långa perioden av spansk kolonialism, införandet av afrikanska slavar, en nära relation till Sovjetunionen under det kalla kriget, och närheten till USA.
Kuba rankas relativt högt i statistiken för hälsa och utbildning, med ett Human Development Index på 0,778 år 2018. Enligt uppgifter landet lägger fram för FN, var Kuba den enda nationen i världen år 2006 som uppfyllde Världsnaturfondens definition av hållbar utveckling, med ett ekologiskt fotavtryck som är mindre än 1,8 hektar per invånare, 1,5 hektar, och ett Human Development Index på över 0,855.

Kuba

Felicia Nordlund

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Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Brazilian Portuguese: [luˈiz iˈnasju ˈlulɐ dɐ ˈsiwvɐ] (listen); born Luiz Inácio da Silva; 27 October 1945), commonly known mononymously as Lula, is a Brazilian politician and former union leader who served as the 35th president of Brazil from 2003 to 2010. He was a founding member of the Workers' Party (PT) and ran unsuccessfully for president three times before achieving victory in the 2002 Brazilian general election. He was re-elected in 2006. In May 2021, Lula stated that he would run for a third term in the 2022 Brazilian general election, against the incumbent president Jair Bolsonaro.During his time in office, Lula introduced sweeping social programs including Bolsa Família and Fome Zero, aimed at combating poverty and lifting the station of the country's working class. As president, Lula played a prominent role in international matters including activities related to the nuclear program of Iran and climate change, being described as "a man with audacious ambitions to alter the balance of power among nations".Succeeded by his former Chief of Staff, Dilma Rousseff, Lula left an enduring mark on Brazilian politics in the form of Lulism. He has been called one of the most popular politicians in Brazilian history and while in office was one of the most popular in the world.  In 2011, Lula, who was a smoker for 40 years, was diagnosed with throat cancer and underwent chemotherapy, leading to a successful recovery.In early 2016, Lula was appointed Chief of Staff under Rousseff, but Justice Gilmar Mendes of the Supreme Federal Court blocked the appointment due to ongoing federal investigations at the time. In July 2017, Lula was convicted on charges of money laundering and corruption in a controversial trial, and sentenced to nine and a half years in prison. The federal judge of the case, Sergio Moro, later became Minister of Justice and Public Security in Jair Bolsonaro's government. After an unsuccessful appeal, Lula was arrested in April 2018 and spent 580 days in jail. Lula attempted to run in the 2018 presidential election, but was disqualified under Brazil's "Clean Slate" Law.In November 2019, the Supreme Federal Court ruled that incarcerations with pending appeals were unlawful and Lula was released from prison as a result. In March 2021, Supreme Court Justice Edson Fachin ruled that all of Lula's convictions must be nullified, because he was tried by a court that did not have proper jurisdiction over his case. Fachin's ruling, which was confirmed by other Supreme Court Justices in April 2021, restored Lula's political rights. The Supreme Federal Court ruled later in March 2021 that judge Moro who oversaw his corruption trial, was biased. All of the cases Moro had brought against Lula were annulled by 24 June 2021, allowing him to run for president again in the 2022 elections.

Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva

Jair Messias Bolsonaro (Brazilian Portuguese: [ʒaˈiʁ meˈsi.ɐz bowsoˈnaɾu, ʒaˈiɾ -]; born 21 March 1955) is a Brazilian politician and retired military officer who has been the 38th president of Brazil since 1 January 2019. He was elected in 2018 as a member of the conservative Social Liberal Party before cutting ties with it. From 1991 to 2018, Bolsonaro served in Brazil's Chamber of Deputies, representing the state of Rio de Janeiro.
Bolsonaro was born in the town of Glicério, in the state of São Paulo. He graduated from the Agulhas Negras Military Academy in 1977 and served in the Brazilian Army's field artillery and parachutist units. He became known to the public in 1986, when he wrote an article for Veja magazine criticizing low wages for military officers, after which he was arrested and detained for 15 days. A year later, the same magazine accused him of planning to plant bombs in military units, which he denied. After being convicted by a lower court, the Brazilian Supreme Military Court acquitted him in 1988. He moved to the reserve in 1988 with the rank of captain and ran for the Rio de Janeiro City Council that year, elected as a member of the Christian Democratic Party. In 1990, Bolsonaro was elected to the lower chamber of Congress and he was reelected six times. During his 27-year tenure as a congressman, he became known for his national conservatism. He is a vocal opponent of same-sex marriage and homosexuality, abortion, affirmative action, drug liberalization, and secularism. In foreign policy, he has advocated closer relations to the United States and Israel. During the 2018 Brazilian general election campaign, he started to advocate economically liberal and pro-market policies. A polarizing and controversial politician, his views and comments, which have been described as far-right and populist, have drawn both praise and criticism in Brazil.Bolsonaro announced his candidacy for president in March 2016 as a member of the Social Christian Party. He left the party in 2018 and joined the Social Liberal Party, and then launched his presidential campaign in August that year, with retired general Hamilton Mourão as his running mate. He portrayed himself as an outsider and a supporter of family values. He came in first place in the first round of the general election on 7 October 2018, with Workers' Party candidate Fernando Haddad coming in second. The two candidates had a runoff on 28 October 2018, and Bolsonaro was elected with 55.1% of the popular vote.
Bolsonaro placed many army officers in key positions in his cabinet. Before his inauguration, he said he would fill positions in his government based only on technical qualifications and skills rather than ideological sympathy. During his presidency, many appointees have clashed ideologically with the government. His ministers of Justice, Education, the Secretary of Government, the head of the postal service and other government officials fell out of favor with Bolsonaro and resigned. He focused on domestic affairs in his first months in office, dealing primarily with the fallout of the 2014 Brazilian economic crisis. The economy did recover, albeit slowly, during his first year in office, while crime rates fell sharply. In 2019, Bolsonaro left the Social Liberal Party amid a confrontation with other members and formed the Alliance for Brazil. During his presidency, he rolled back protections for Indigenous groups in the Amazon rainforest and facilitated its destruction through deforestation. Bolsonaro's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil was criticized across the political spectrum after he sought to downplay the pandemic and its effects, opposed quarantine measures, and dismissed two health ministers, while the death toll increased rapidly.

Jair Bolsonaro

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Linus Lindgren

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Notable quake, preliminary info: M 7.5 - 41 km SSE of La Placita de Morelos, Mexico https://t.co/VyxRzpO84Y

USGS_Quakes

Ecuador's ports and weak institutions have turned it into a key transit point for hundreds of tonnes of narcotics earmarked for the United States, Europe, Asia and Russia.
Al Jazeera's @Lucia Newman tells us how drug trafficking is causing unprecedented violence in the port city of Guayaquil, Ecuador.

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Neutralizamos y aprehendimos a dos individuos, presuntos autores de la muerte violenta… https://t.co/Lrnm2wJM14

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