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Rosh HaShanah (Hebrew: רֹאשׁ הַשָּׁנָה, Rōʾš hašŠānā, literally "head of the year") is the Jewish New Year. The biblical name for this holiday is Yom Teruah (יוֹם תְּרוּעָה, Yōm Tərūʿā, lit. "day of shouting/blasting"). It is the first of the Jewish High Holy Days (יָמִים נוֹרָאִים, Yāmīm Nōrāʾīm, "Days of Awe"), as specified by Leviticus 23:23–25, that occur in the late summer/early autumn of the Northern Hemisphere. Rosh Hashanah begins a ten-day period of penitence culminating in Yom Kippur, as well as beginning the cycle of autumnal religious festivals running through Sukkot and ending in Shemini Atzeret in Israel and in Simchat Torah everywhere else.
Rosh Hashanah is a two-day observance and celebration that begins on the first day of Tishrei, which is the seventh month of the ecclesiastical year. In contrast to the ecclesiastical lunar new year on the first day of the first month Nisan, the spring Passover month which marks Israel's exodus from Egypt, Rosh Hashanah marks the beginning of the civil year, according to the teachings of Judaism, and is the traditional anniversary of the creation of Adam and Eve, the first man and woman according to the Hebrew Bible, as well as the initiation of humanity's role in God's world.
Rosh Hashanah customs include sounding the shofar (a hollowed-out ram's horn), as prescribed in the Torah, following the prescription of the Hebrew Bible to "raise a noise" on Yom Teruah. Its rabbinical customs include attending synagogue services and reciting special liturgy about teshuva, as well as enjoying festive meals. Eating symbolic foods, such as apples dipped in honey, hoping to evoke a sweet new year, is an ancient tradition recorded in the Talmud.

Rosh Hashanah

Nachman av Breslov  (Rebbe Nachman Breslover) (hebreiska נחמן מברסלב ), född 4 april 1772 i Lillryssland (i dagens Ukraina), död 16 oktober 1810, var en framstående och betydande rabbin inom chasidismen. Han ägnade sig åt djupare studier inom judisk mysticism, däribland kabbala. Nachman kom från Medzhybizh och etablerade sig i  Breslov under sista tiden av sitt liv, därav hans namn. Breslov har ofta blivit felöversatt till Bratislava i texterna om rabbin Nachman. Rabbin Nachman grundade en egen inriktning inom chasidismen, den så kallade Breslovdynastin.  Han var barnbarnsbarn till Baal Shem Tov, som grundade chasidismen.

Nachman av Breslov

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Förenta nationernas organisation för utbildning, vetenskap och kultur, som brukar förkortas Unesco (av det engelska namnet United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) bildades 1945 och är ett av Förenta nationernas 15 fackorgan.
I förordet till Unescos stadgar står: "Eftersom krigen har sitt ursprung i människornas sinnen, måste försvaret av freden också byggas upp i människornas sinnen." Unesco har därför som syfte att verka för fred och säkerhet genom främjande av internationellt samarbete inom utbildning, vetenskap och kultur i syfte att med utgångspunkt i FN-stadgan främja den universella respekten för rättvisa, rättssäkerhet och mänskliga rättigheter samt grundläggande friheter utan åtskillnad med avseende av ras, kön, språk eller religion.Unesco har 193 medlemsländer och nio associerade medlemmar.Unesco har sitt säte i Paris, med över 50 fältkontor och många specialiserade institut och centra över hela världen. De flesta av kontoren omfattar tre eller flera länder, men det finns också nationella och regionala kontor.
Unesco bedriver sitt arbete inom fem program: utbildning, naturvetenskap, samhällsvetenskap och humaniora, kultur samt kommunikation och information.
Unesco är knutet till FN (Förenta nationerna) som ett fackorgan inom FN:s ekonomiska och sociala råd.

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The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA or GA; French: Assemblée générale, AG) is one of the six principal organs of the United Nations (UN), serving as its main deliberative, policymaking, and representative organ. Currently in its 78th session, its powers, composition, functions, and procedures are set out in Chapter IV of the United Nations Charter. The UNGA is responsible for the UN budget, appointing the non-permanent members to the Security Council, appointing the UN secretary-general, receiving reports from other parts of the UN system, and making recommendations through resolutions. It also establishes numerous subsidiary organs to advance or assist in its broad mandate. The UNGA is the only UN organ where all member states have equal representation.
The General Assembly meets under its President or the UN secretary-general in annual sessions at the General Assembly Building, within the UN headquarters in New York City. The main part of these meetings generally runs from September through part of January until all issues are addressed, which is often before the next session starts. It can also reconvene for special and emergency special sessions. The first session was convened on 10 January 1946 in the Methodist Central Hall in London and included representatives of the 51 founding nations.
Most questions are decided in the General Assembly by a simple majority. Each member country has one vote. Voting on certain important questions—namely recommendations on peace and security; budgetary concerns; and the election, admission, suspension, or expulsion of members—is by a two-thirds majority of those present and voting. Apart from the approval of budgetary matters, including the adoption of a scale of assessment, Assembly resolutions are not binding on the members. The Assembly may make recommendations on any matters within the scope of the UN, except matters of peace and security under the Security Council's consideration.
During the 1980s, the Assembly became a forum for "North-South dialogue" between industrialized nations and developing countries on a range of international issues. These issues came to the fore because of the phenomenal growth and changing makeup of the UN membership. In 1945, the UN had 51 members, which by the 21st century nearly quadrupled to 193, of which more than two-thirds are developing. Because of their numbers, developing countries are often able to determine the agenda of the Assembly (using coordinating groups like the G77), the character of its debates, and the nature of its decisions. For many developing countries, the UN is the source of much of their diplomatic influence and the principal outlet for their foreign relations initiatives.
Although the resolutions passed by the General Assembly do not have the binding forces over the member nations (apart from budgetary measures), pursuant to its Uniting for Peace resolution of November 1950 (resolution 377 (V)), the Assembly may also take action if the Security Council fails to act, owing to the negative vote of a permanent member, in a case where there appears to be a threat to the peace, breach of the peace or act of aggression. The Assembly can consider the matter immediately with a view to making recommendations to Members for collective measures to maintain or restore international peace and security.

United Nations General Assembly

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